Risk factors of early spontaneous preterm birth despite carrying a cervical pessary in singleton pregnancies with a short cervix: Development of a risk prediction model.

Introduction: We aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of spontaneous preterm birth in pessary carriers with singleton pregnancies and a short cervix in the mid-trimester of pregnancy. Material and Methods: Patient data were obtained from the PECEP Trial. We analyzed singleton pregnancies in pessary carriers with a short cervix (≤25 mm) between 18 and 22 gestational weeks. Demographics and obstetric history were compared to identify risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth < 34 gestational weeks. Each demographic and obstetric variable was compared between spontaneous preterm birth < 34 and ≥ 34 weeks of gestation.Regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. A risk score model was generated using the odds ratio for significant factors. The risk score model and spontaneous preterm birth risk were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Perinatal outcomes were compared by risk score. Results: Among 190 pregnant individuals, 12 (6.3%) had spontaneous preterm birth < 34 gestational weeks. In the bivariate analysis, statistically significant differences between those with and without spontaneous preterm birth were only observed for mean cervical length at diagnosis and mean cervical length after pessary placement. By multiple logistic regression analysis, maternal age (OR 0.818; 95% CI 0.69-0.97; P 0.020), cervical length at diagnosis (OR 0.560; 95% CI 0.43-0.73; P < 0.001) and smoking status (OR 7.276; 95% CI 1.02-51.80; P 0.048) remained significantly associated with spontaneous preterm birth.The ROC curve from the multiple logistic regression analysis, including cervical length, maternal age and smoking status, had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.952 (P < 0.001). The ROC curve for the risk score model incorporating all three variables had an AUC of 0.864 (95% CI 0.77-0.96; P < 0.001). A high-risk score was predictive of spontaneous preterm birth with a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 84%, positive predictive value of 24%, and negative predictive value of 98%.Women with a high-risk score had a significantly reduced latency to delivery and poorer neonatal outcomes than those with a low-risk score. Conclusions: Patients at a high risk for spontaneous preterm birth despite pessary therapy may be identified using cervical length at diagnosis added to maternal age and smoking status.

Basic human needs in pregnant women at high risk obstetrician analyzed under the Wanda Horta Theory / Necesidades humanas básicas en gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico analizado bajo la Teoría de Wanda Horta / Necessidades humanas básicas em gestantes de alto risco obstétrico analisadas sob a Teoria de Wanda Horta

Objetivo: identificar las necesidades humanas básicas de lasembarazadas de alto riesgo hospitalizadas con base en la Teoríade Wanda Horta.Método: investigación asistencial realizada con dieciséis gestantesde alto riesgo hospitalizadas en una maternidad de referenciaen Ceará entre septiembre y noviembre de 2019. Se recolectóinformación a través de diario de campo y ficha de caracterizaciónde las gestantes y registros de necesidades humanas básicas.Los resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptivasimple y un enfoque integral a la luz del marco de Wanda Horta.Resultados: las gestantes presentaron necesidades psicobiológicas,psicosociales y psicoespirituales, siendo prevalentes: ausencia deactividades de ocio, inseguridad emocional, escaso conocimiento,sueño y descanso perjudicados, y actividades físicas restringidaspor indicación de descanso.Consideraciones finales: se cree que el razonamiento crítico y eljuicio clínico de los enfermeros se centraron en la individualidadde las gestantes, identificando necesidades en los tres nivelespropuestos por la teoría, apuntando caminos para cualificarel cuidado de enfermería a las gestantes de alto riesgo.(AU)

Objective: to identify the basic human needs of hospitalizedhigh-risk pregnant women based on Wanda Horta's Theory. Method: care research carried out with sixteen high-risk pregnantwomen hospitalized in a reference maternity hospital in Cearábetween September and November 2019. Information was collectedthrough a field diary and a form to characterize the pregnantwomen and records of basic human needs. The results wereanalyzed by simple descriptive statistics and a comprehensiveapproach in the light of the framework of Wanda Horta.Results: the pregnant women presented psychobiological,psychosocial and psychospiritual needs, being prevalent: absenceof leisure activities, emotional insecurity, poor knowledge,impaired sleep and rest, and restricted physical activities byindication of rest.Final considerations: it is believed that the nurses' criticalreasoning and clinical judgment were focused on the individualityof pregnant women, identifying needs at the three levels proposedby the theory, pointing out ways to qualify nursing care forhigh-risk pregnant women.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades humanas básicas de gestantesde alto risco hospitalizadas com base na Teoria de Wanda Horta.Método: pesquisa-cuidado realizada com dezesseis gestantes de altorisco hospitalizadas em maternidade de referência no Ceará entresetembro e novembro de 2019. As informações foram coletadasatravés de diário de campo e formulário para caracterizaçãodas gestantes e registros das necessidades humanas básicas. Osresultados foram analisados por estatística descritiva simples eabordagem compreensiva à luz do referencial de Wanda Horta.Resultados: as gestantes apresentaram necessidades psicobiológicas,psicossociais e psicoespirituais, sendo prevalentes: ausênciade atividades de lazer, insegurança emocional, conhecimentodeficiente, sono e repouso prejudicado e atividades físicasrestritas por indicação de repouso.Considerações finais: acredita-se que o raciocínio crítico eo julgamento clínico dos enfermeiros estiveram focados naindividualidade das gestantes, identificando necessidades nostrês níveis propostos pela teoria, apontando caminhos paraqualificar a assistência de enfermagem às gestantes de alto risco.(AU)

A Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Quality Improvement Model to Optimize Perinatal and Primary Care in the Community Health Setting.

PURPOSE: Many maternal deaths occur beyond the acute birth encounter. There are opportunities for improving maternal health outcomes through facilitated quality improvement efforts in community settings, particularly in the postpartum period. We used a mixed methods approach to evaluate a collaborative quality improvement (QI) model in 6 Chicago Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) that implemented workflows optimizing care continuity in the extended postpartum period for high-risk prenatal patients. METHODS: The Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative focused on the implementation of a registry of high-risk prenatal patients to link them to primary care and was implemented in 2021; study data were collected in 2021-2022. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of FQHC-reported aggregate structure, process, and outcomes data at baseline (2020) and monthly (2021). Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews of participating FQHC staff focused on the experience of participating in the collaborative. RESULTS: At baseline, none of the 6 participating FQHCs had integrated workflows connecting high-risk prenatal patients to primary care; by the end of implementation of the QI intervention, such workflows had been implemented at 19 sites across all 6 FQHCs, and 54 staff were trained in using these workflows. The share of high-risk patients transitioned to primary care within 6 months of delivery significantly increased from 25% at baseline to 72% by the end of implementation. Qualitative analysis of interviews with 11 key informants revealed buy-in, intervention flexibility, and collaboration as facilitators of successful engagement, and staffing and data infrastructure as participation barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that a flexible and collaborative QI approach in the FQHC setting can help optimize care delivery. Future evaluations should incorporate the patient experience and patient-level data for comprehensive analysis.

Efeitos da suplementação do cálcio sobre marcadores da pré-eclâmpsia: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efectos de los suplementos de calcio en marcadores de preeclampsia: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effects of calcium supplementation on markers of preeclampsia: randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da suplementação de cálcio nos marcadores da pré-eclâmpsia ao longo do tempo, comparando o uso de cálcio em alta e baixa dosagem em mulheres grávidas com hipertensão. Métodos Trata-se de ensaio clínico randomizado com três grupos paralelos, placebo controlado, realizado no ambulatório de referência para o pré-natal de alto risco na Região Sul do Brasil, com análise de intenção de tratar e seguimento após quatro e oito semanas. A intervenção consistiu na ingestão de cálcio 500mg/dia, cálcio 1500mg/dia e placebo. Os dados foram analisados segundo um modelo generalizado de estimação de equações mistas adotando α 0,05. Resultados O efeito do cálcio em baixa e alta dosagem na evolução ao longo do tempo foi mantido entre os grupos, mesmo após o ajuste para os fatores de confusão. Houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros analisados na interação tempo e grupo (p <0,000) e diminuição nas médias de 12,3mmHg na PAS, 9,2 mmHg na PAD, 3,2 mg/dl creatinina e 7,2 mg/dl proteinúria para o grupo cálcio 500mg/dia. Os resultados foram semelhantes para o grupo com suplementação máxima. Conclusão O cálcio melhorou o prognóstico vascular em mulheres grávidas com hipertensão ao reduzir os níveis pressóricos e os marcadores da pré-eclâmpsia.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los efectos de los suplementos de calcio en los marcadores de preeclampsia a lo largo del tiempo, comparando el uso de calcio en dosis altas y bajas en mujeres embarazadas con hipertensión. Métodos Se trata de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con tres grupos paralelos, placebo controlado realizado en consultorios externos de referencia en el control prenatal de alto riesgo en la Región Sur de Brasil, con análisis de intención de tratar y seguimiento luego de cuatro y ocho semanas. La intervención consistió en la ingesta de calcio 500 mg/día, calcio 1500 mg/día y placebo. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con un modelo generalizado de estimación de ecuaciones mixtas adoptando α 0,05. Resultados El efecto del calcio en dosis bajas y altas en la evolución a lo largo del tiempo se mantuvo entre los grupos, inclusive después de los ajustes por los factores de confusión. Hubo diferencia significativa en los parámetros analizados en la interacción tiempo y grupo (p <0,000) y reducción de los promedios de 12,3 mmHg en la PAS, 9,2 mmHg en la PAD, 3,2 mg/dl creatinina y 7,2 mg/dl proteinuria en el grupo calcio 500 mg/día. Los resultados fueron parecidos en el grupo con suplemento en dosis máxima. Conclusión El calcio mejoró el pronóstico vascular en mujeres embarazadas con hipertensión al reducir los niveles de presión y los marcadores de preeclampsia. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-9ngb95

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of calcium supplementation on markers of preeclampsia over time by comparing the use of high- and low-dose calcium in hypertensive pregnant women. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial, placebo controlled, with three parallel groups carried out at the reference outpatient clinic for high-risk prenatal care in the South Region of Brazil, with intention-to-treat analysis and follow-up after four and eight weeks. The intervention consisted of ingesting calcium 500mg/day, calcium 1500mg/day and placebo. Data were analyzed according to a generalized mixed equation estimation model adopting α 0.05. Results The effect of low- and high-dose calcium on evolution over time was maintained between groups, even after adjustment for confounding factors. There was a significant difference in the parameters analyzed in the time and group interaction (p <0.000) and a decrease in the means of 12.3 mmHg in SBP, 9.2 mmHg in DBP, 3.2 mg/dl creatinine and 7.2 mg/dl proteinuria for the 500mg calcium/day group. The results were similar for the maximal supplementation group. Conclusion Calcium improved vascular prognosis in hypertensive pregnant women by reducing blood pressure levels and markers of preeclampsia. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-9ngb95

Call for a More Specific Diagnosis of Infant of a Diabetic Mother to Optimize Neonatal Care.

Hyperglycemia is the diagnostic feature of diabetes mellitus (DM), and during pregnancy, hyperglycemia has numerous serious implications for organogenesis and fetal growth. Each type of DM has different neonatal implications based on pathogenesis, length of disease, and comorbidities. Currently, limited attention is given to the woman's type of DM when evaluating risks for neonates. The diagnosis of infant of a diabetic mother is not sufficient because of the varying pathophysiology of diabetes classifications and associated neonatal outcomes. By expanding the diagnosis to include the woman's classification and glucose control, maternity and neonatal care providers could develop plans of care based on potential neonatal outcomes, including anticipatory guidance for families. In this commentary, we propose a more specific diagnosis, rather than infant of a diabetic mother, to better serve these infants.

Mode of delivery of Finnish dichorionic and monochorionic-diamniotic twins: A retrospective observational study including a risk score for intrapartum cesarean birth.

Background and Aims: Trial of labor is considered safe also among twins, yet nearly 50% are born via cesarean section in Finland. While planned cesarean births have declined among twins, intrapartum cesarean deliveries have risen, postulating evaluation of criteria for trial of labor. The objective of this study was to create an outline of the mode of delivery of dichorionic and monochorionic-diamniotic Finnish twins. By evaluating risk factors for intrapartum cesarean delivery (CD), we aimed at creating a risk score for intrapartum cesarean birth for twins. Methods: A retrospective observational study based on a cohort of dichorionic and monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies considered as candidates for trial of labor in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 (n = 720) was performed. Differences between parturients with vaginal delivery and intrapartum CD to identify potential risk factors for intrapartum CD were assessed. Logistic regression analysis (n = 707) was used to further define risk score points for recognized risk factors. Results: A total of 23.8% (171/720, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.7-26.9) of parturients experienced intrapartum CD. Induction of labor, primiparity, fear of childbirth, artificial reproductive technology, higher maternal age, and other than cephalic/cephalic presentation independently associated with intrapartum CD. The achieved total risk score ranged from 0 to 13 points with significantly higher points among the CD group (6.61 vs. 4.42, p < 0.001). Using ≥8 points as a cut-off, 51.4% (56/109) were delivered by intrapartum CD (sensitivity = 33.73%, specificity = 90.20%, positive predictive value = 51.38%, negative predictive value = 81.61%). The total risk score had a fair predictive capability for intrapartum CD (area under the curve = 0.729, 95% CI = 0.685-0.773). Conclusion: Fair-level risk stratification could be achieved with higher maternal age, primiparity, induction of labor, artificial reproductive technology, fear of childbirth, and other than cephalic/cephalic presentation increasing the risk. Parturients with low-risk score (0-7 points) appear to be the best candidates for trial of labor with acceptable CD rates in this group (18.4%).

Systemic Profile and Periodontal Condition of Hospitalized Women with High-Risk Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: The physiological changes in mother-infant pairs during pregnancy increase the susceptibility to a series of infections, including those of the oral cavity. Therefore, the oral and systemic health of pregnant women is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the systemic profile and periodontal status of women with a high-risk pregnancy. METHODS: Eighty-nine pregnant women at risk of preterm labor admitted to a hospital in southern Brazil were interviewed and received a periodontal examination. Data related to obstetric complications during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia, infections, medication use, and gestational diabetes) and systemic diseases were collected from medical records. The periodontal parameters of probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level were evaluated. The data were tabulated, and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 24 years (SD = 5.62). Gingival bleeding was recorded in 91% of the participants. The prevalence of gingivitis was 31.46%, and periodontitis was 29.21%. No association between systemic conditions and periodontal disease was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Periodontal inflammation was not associated with the systemic profile during pregnancy. However, women with high-risk pregnancies showed higher levels of gingival inflammation, emphasizing the importance of dental care during pregnancy.

Effect of the interaction between advanced maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI on pre-eclampsia and GDM in Central China.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the independent and combined effects of advanced maternal age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on the risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Logistic regression models were used to estimate the OR and 95% CIs of pre-eclampsia and GDM with advanced maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI, respectively, and the interaction between advanced maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI. We also used causal mediation analysis to assess the mediating role of pre-pregnancy BMI on maternal age-pre-eclampsia/GDM associations. RESULTS: In this study, 788 cases (2.31%) were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and 5430 cases (15.92%) were diagnosed with GDM. We found that advanced maternal age was associated with a higher risk for pre-eclampsia and GDM, with adjusted ORs (aORs) of 1.74 (95% CI 1.49-2.05) and 1.76 (95% CI 1.65-1.89) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. In addition, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with the risk of pre-eclampsia and GDM, with the corresponding aORs of 3.64 (95% CI 3.12-4.24) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.60-1.85), respectively. We also observed the interaction between maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI for the risk of pre-eclampsia/GDM (all p for interaction <0.001). In the mediating effect analysis, we found that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI mediated the associations between maternal age and the development of pre-eclampsia and GDM. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI were respectively associated with the risk of pre-eclampsia/GDM, and there was an interaction between the two risk factors. In addition, we found that pre-pregnancy BMI served as a mediator of the association between advanced maternal age and the risk of pre-eclampsia/GDM, providing an essential target for the prevention of maternal overweight/obesity.

Feelings about birth by a group of high-risk pregnant women / Sentimientos sobre el parto de un grupo de gestantes de alto riesgo / Sentimentos a respeito do nascimento por um grupo de gestantes de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand feelings about birth among a group of high-risk pregnant women. Method: a descriptive and qualitative study, using Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology as a philosophical theoretical framework. The study included 25 pregnant women undergoing high-risk prenatal care. The interview had the following guiding questions: tell me about your feelings regarding the moment of birth/childbirth; How do you deal with the high-risk diagnosis? What are your expectations for birth/childbirth? Results: five categories emerged: Fear of obstetric care; Fear of complications with the baby; Fear of cesarean section; Resilience in the face of high-risk pregnancy; and Expectations for birth. Considerations: high-risk pregnant women are afraid of the care they will receive, the risks and concern about the baby's vitality at birth. The importance of care is emphasized, with a welcoming environment, bonding and communication between health team and pregnant woman.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los sentimientos sobre el parto de un grupo de gestantes de alto riesgo. Método: estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, utilizando como marco teórico filosófico la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz. El estudio incluyó a 25 mujeres embarazadas que se sometían a atención prenatal de alto riesgo. La entrevista tuvo las siguientes preguntas orientadoras: cuénteme sobre sus sentimientos con respecto al momento del nacimiento/parto; ¿Cómo lidia con el diagnóstico de alto riesgo? ¿Cuáles son sus expectativas para el nacimiento/parto? Resultados: surgieron cinco categorías: Miedo a la atención obstétrica; Miedo a las complicaciones con el bebé; Miedo a la cesárea; Resiliencia ante el embarazo de alto riesgo; y Expectativas de nacimiento. Consideraciones: las gestantes de alto riesgo tienen miedo de la asistencia que recibirán, de los riesgos y aprensión en cuanto a la vitalidad del bebé al nacer. Se destaca la importancia de la asistencia con ambiente acogedor, vínculo y comunicación entre el equipo de salud y la gestante.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os sentimentos a respeito do nascimento por um grupo de gestantes de alto risco. Método: estudo descritivo e qualitativo, tendo a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz como referencial teórico filosófico. Participaram do estudo 25 gestantes em acompanhamento de pré-natal de alto risco. A entrevista contou com as seguintes questões norteadoras: fale-me sobre seus sentimentos em relação ao momento do nascimento/parto; Como você lida com o diagnóstico de alto risco? Quais suas expectativas para o nascimento/parto? Resultados: emergiram cinco categorias: Medo da assistência obstétrica; Medo das complicações com o bebê; Medo da cesariana; A resiliência diante da gestação de alto risco; e Expectativas para o nascimento. Considerações: as gestantes de alto risco sentem medo da assistência que receberão, dos riscos e apreensividade quanto à vitalidade do bebê no nascimento. Ressalta-se a importância de assistência com ambiente acolhedor, efetivação de vínculo e comunicação entre equipe de saúde e gestante.

Indicación profiláctica de aspirina para prevención de preeclampsia y sus complicaciones en embarazos de alto y moderado riesgo / Prophylactic use of aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia and its complications in high and moderate risk pregnancies

Resumen OBJETIVO: Sintetizar la evidencia disponible de los últimos 10 años respecto de la indicación de la aspirina para prevenir la preeclampsia y sus complicaciones en embarazos de alto y moderado riesgo. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión de cinco bases de datos [Pubmed/Medline, ProQuest, Lilacs, HINARI y Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)]. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, controlados, escritos en español o inglés publicados entre enero de 2010 y enero de 2020. Se emplearon los términos de vocabulario controlado DeCS y MeSH en las distintas interfases. En el caso de ProQuest se introdujeron, además, términos de vocabulario libre. Los detalles de la estrategia de búsqueda se visualizan en anexos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 410 estudios, de los que se seleccionaron 8 que reunieron los criterios de elegibilidad. En dos estudios se encontró un efecto reductor de la aspirina en la incidencia de preeclampsia en comparación con placebo; otros dos estudios encontraron el mismo efecto en la incidencia de preeclampsia con parto pretérmino. No se encontraron estudios con bajo riesgo de sesgo que hubieran reportado un efecto significativo de la aspirina en las complicaciones de preeclampsia, ni en preeclampsia con y sin criterios de severidad. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia señala que la aspirina en bajas dosis, indicada antes de las 16 semanas de embarazo, reduce la incidencia de preeclampsia debido a su efecto reductor en el parto pretérmino. A pesar de lo encontrado, la información sigue siendo limitada; de ahí la necesidad de contar con una mayor cantidad de estudios con bajo riesgo de sesgo.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the available evidence of the last 10 years regarding the use of aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia and its complications in high and moderate risk pregnancies. Methodology: Five electronic databases [Pubmed/Medline, ProQuest, Lilacs, HINARI, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] were reviewed. Randomized controlled clinical trials in Spanish and English published between 01/01/2010 and 01/01/2020 were considered. The DeCS and MeSH controlled vocabulary terms were used in the different interfaces. In the case of ProQuest, free vocabulary terms were also introduced. The details of the search strategy are displayed in annexes. RESULTS: 410 studies were identified, of which 8 studies that met the eligibility criteria were selected. 2 studies found a reducing effect of aspirin on the incidence of preeclampsia compared to placebo and another 2 studies found the same effect on the incidence of preeclampsia with preterm delivery. No studies with low risk of bias were found that have reported a significant effect of aspirin on the complications of preeclampsia, nor on preeclampsia with and without criteria of severity. CONCLUSIONS: there is evidence indicating that low-dose aspirin before 16 weeks of gestation reduces the incidence of preeclampsia, this is due to the reducing impact it has on the incidence of preeclampsia with preterm delivery. Despite the results found, the information is still limited, and it is necessary to have a greater number of studies with low risk of bias.

Prenatal assessment of high-risk pregnancies in primary and specialized outpatient care: a mixed study / Evaluación prenatal de embarazos de alto riesgo en atención primaria y ambulatoria especializada: un estudio mixto / Avaliação pré-natal da gestação de alto risco na atenção primária e ambulatorial especializada: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess high-risk prenatal care and identify strategies for improving care. Methods: a mixed study of a prospective cohort, with 319 mothers in a public maternity hospital, from October 2016 to August 2017, using a semi-structured instrument and interview. Analysis was performed using the chi-square test (p≤0.05). The qualitative approach was carried out through interviews with guiding questions to 13 managers, at their workplace, between January and March 2020, analyzed under social phenomenology. Results: higher rates of inadequacy were identified for all criteria. However, when care was shared, there was a higher rate for performing tests (p=0.023), consultations (p=0.002), risk stratification (p=0.013) and emergency information (≤0.000). Weaknesses in the record evidenced impairment in communication and continuity of care. Final Considerations: shared care is a strategy for improving care, however there is a need to strengthen effective referral and counter-referral to care continuity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la atención prenatal de alto riesgo e identificar estrategias para mejorar la atención. Métodos: estudio mixto de cohorte prospectivo, con 319 madres en una maternidad pública, de octubre de 2016 a agosto de 2017, mediante instrumento semiestructurado y entrevista. El análisis se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p≤0,05). El abordaje cualitativo se realizó a través de entrevistas con preguntas orientadoras a 13 directivos, en su lugar de trabajo, entre enero y marzo de 2020, analizados bajo la fenomenología social. Resultados: se identificaron mayores tasas de inadecuación para todos los criterios. Sin embargo, cuando se compartió la asistencia, hubo mayor tasa de realización de pruebas (p=0,023), consultas (p=0,002), clasificación de riesgo (p=0,013) e información de emergencia (≤0,000). Las debilidades en el expediente evidenciaron afectación en la comunicación y continuidad de la atención. Consideraciones Finales: el cuidado compartido es una estrategia para mejorar la atención, sin embargo, existe la necesidad de fortalecer la referencia y la contrarreferencia efectivas para la continuidad del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a assistência pré-natal de alto risco e identificar as estratégias para o aperfeiçoamento assistencial. Métodos: estudo misto de uma coorte prospectiva, com 319 puérperas em uma maternidade pública, de outubro de 2016 a agosto de 2017, utilizando-se instrumento semiestruturado e entrevista. Realizou-se análise por meio do Teste do Qui-Quadrado (p≤0,05). A abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por entrevista com questões norteadoras a 13 gestores, em seu local de trabalho, entre janeiro e março de 2020, analisadas sob a fenomenologia social. Resultados: identificaram-se maiores taxas de inadequação para todos critérios. Entretanto, quando a assistência foi compartilhada, observou-se maior taxa para realização de exames (p=0,023), consultas (p=0,002), classificação de risco (p=0,013) e informação de emergência (≤0,000). Fragilidades no registro evidenciaram prejuízo na comunicação e na continuidade assistencial. Considerações Finais: o cuidado compartilhado demonstra-se estratégia ao aperfeiçoamento assistencial, entretanto há necessidade do fortalecimento da referência e contrarreferência efetivas à continuidade assistencial.

Coordenação e longitudinalidade: o cuidado na gestação de alto risco sob a perspectiva do enfermeiro* / Coordinación y longitudinalidad: el cuidado en la gestación de alto riesgo desde la perspectiva del enfermero / Coordination and longitudinality: care in high-risk pregnancy from the perspective of nurses

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade e extensão dos atributos essenciais longitudinalidade e coordenação no cuidado à gestante de alto risco sob a perspectiva do enfermeiro da atenção primária em saúde. Método: estudo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em unidades de saúde, no município de Guarapuava, Paraná. Participaram 21 enfermeiros, atuantes há pelo menos seis meses na instituição. Foi aplicado o instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e o questionário Primary Care Assessment Tool, versão profissionais de saúde. Avaliou-se os atributos de longitudinalidade e coordenação. Realizou-se estatísticas descritivas e bivariadas, utilizando o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: obteve-se escores satisfatórios nos atributos avaliados na visão dos enfermeiros. Identificou-se a correlação negativa entre a idade do participante e o escore de coordenação, no componente integração dos cuidados. Conclusão: ressalta-se que é preciso fortalecer esses atributos, uma vez que os mesmos impactam diretamente na qualidade do atendimento à gestante de alto risco.

Objective: to evaluate the quality and extent of the essential attributes longitudinality and coordination in the care of high-risk pregnant women from the perspective of the PHC nurse. Method: exploratory study, quantitative approach, conducted in health units in the city of Guarapuava, Paraná. The participants were 21 nurses, who had been working for at least six months in the institution. The sociodemographic characterization instrument and the questionnaire Primary Care Assessment Tool, health professionals version, were applied. The attributes of longitudinality and coordination were evaluated. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. Results: satisfactory scores were obtained in the attributes evaluated in the nurses' view. The negative correlation between the age of the participant and the coordination score was obtained in the care integration component. Conclusion: it is emphasized the need for strengthening these attributes, since they directly impact the quality of care for high-risk pregnant women.

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad y extensión de los atributos esenciales longitudinalidad y coordinación en el cuidado a la gestante de alto riesgo desde la perspectiva del enfermero de la APS. Método: estudio exploratorio, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en unidades de salud, en el municipio de Guarapuava, Paraná. Participaron 21 enfermeros, que actúan desde hace al menos seis meses en la institución. Se aplicó el instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y el cuestionario Primary Care Assessment Tool, versión profesionales de salud. Se evaluaron los atributos de longitud y coordinación. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y bivariadas, utilizando el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: se obtuvieron puntuaciones satisfactorias en los atributos evaluados en la visión de los enfermeros. Se obtuvo la correlación negativa entre la edad del participante y el puntaje de coordinación, en el componente integración de los cuidados. Conclusión: se resalta que es necesario fortalecer esos atributos, una vez que los mismos impactan directamente en la calidad de la atención a la gestante de alto riesgo.

Prevalencia y evolución de la anemia en embarazadas del Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas / Prevalence and evolution of anemia in pregnant women at the Central Hospital of the Armed Forces / Prevalência e evolução da anemia em mulheres grávidas no Hospital Central das Forças Armadas

Introducción: de acuerdo a los datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud la prevalencia de anemia ferropénica en el embarazo oscila entre el 20 y el 39% de los mismos en Latinoamérica, siendo asociada con resultados adversos para la salud. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, donde fue estudiada la frecuencia de la anemia en las embarazadas usuarias del Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, y su evolución posterior luego del embarazo. Resultados: se observó que el 15,7% de las pacientes presentaba anemia en el embarazo, con un buen porcentaje de pacientes que cumplían el tratamiento con hierro indicado, y que sólo un bajo porcentaje realizaba un control de la anemia luego del embarazo. Discusión: el porcentaje de pacientes con anemia en el embarazo en este centro asistencial se encuentra por debajo de los porcentajes establecidos en la literatura internacional, se analizan las causas y se verifica que existe una dificultad en el seguimiento de estas pacientes luego del embarazo.

Introduction: according to World Health Organization data, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy ranges between 20 and 39% of pregnancies in Latin America, being associated with adverse health outcomes. Materials and Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out to study the frequency of anemia in pregnant women users of the Central Hospital of the Armed Forces of Montevideo, and its subsequent evolution after pregnancy. Results: it was observed that 15.7% of the patients had anemia during pregnancy, with a good percentage of patients who complied with the indicated iron treatment, and only a small number of patients underwent anemia control after pregnancy. Discussion: the percentage of patients with anemia in pregnancy in this health care center is below the percentages established in the international literature, the causes are analyzed and it is verified that there is a difficulty in the follow-up of these patients after pregnancy.

Introdução: de acordo com dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde, a prevalência de anemia por deficiência de ferro na gravidez varia entre 20 e 39% das gestações na América Latina, e está associada a resultados de saúde adversos. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e descritivo para estudar a freqüência da anemia em gestantes usuárias do Hospital Central das Forças Armadas, e sua posterior evolução após a gravidez. Resultados: observou-se que 15,7% das pacientes tiveram anemia durante a gravidez, com uma boa porcentagem de pacientes que cumpriram o tratamento com ferro indicado, e apenas uma baixa porcentagem teve controle da anemia após a gravidez. Discussão: a porcentagem de pacientes com anemia na gravidez em nosso centro de atendimento está abaixo das porcentagens estabelecidas na literatura internacional, analisamos as causas e verificamos que existe uma dificuldade em monitorar essas pacientes após a gravidez.

Doenças hipertensivas específicas da gestação: percepção do enfermeiro / Pregnancy-specific hypertensive diseases: nurses' perception / Enfermedades hipertensivas específicas del embarazo: percepción de las enfermeras

Introdução: Gestação é um evento fisiológico que dura em média 40 semanas. Nesse período, uma pequena parcela de gestantes, por serem portadoras de algumas comorbidades, apresentam maiores probabilidades de uma evolução não favorável da gestação. Dentre estes problemas, que podem ser graves ou fatais, estão as doenças hipertensivas da gestação. O papel do enfermeiro é fundamental no acompanhamento da gestante com síndrome hipertensiva específica da gestação. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção de enfermeiros de uma maternidade do interior paulista em relação ao conhecimento e a forma de atuação relacionada às doenças hipertensivas específicas da gestação desde sua detecção até o puerpério. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em uma fundação hospitalar localizada no noroeste paulista, onde, em local reservado, as enfermeiras responderam às perguntas de um formulário com questões sobre dados pessoais e concederam uma entrevista sobre o tema, gravada e transcrita na íntegra. Resultados: Observou-se a partir das falas das entrevistadas que apesar de terem conhecimento sobre o tema, este conhecimento é parcial e está ancorado em protocolos e condutas médicas no que se refere aos cuidados com a gestante, embora tenham demonstrado conhecimento prático e estejam treinadas e aptas a realizarem tais cuidados. Conclusão: A hipertensão arterial na gestação, quando detectada, exige dos enfermeiros e sua equipe, uma boa preparação técnica e científica para identificar sinais e sintomas sugestivos e oferecer ações preventivas adequadas, visando oferecer segurança ao binômio materno-fetal.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological event that lasts on average 40 weeks. In this period, a small portion of pregnant women, because they are carriers of some comorbidities, are more likely to have an unfavorable evolution of pregnancy. Among these problems, which can be serious or fatal, are hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. The role of nurses is fundamental in the monitoring of pregnant women with specific hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy. Objective: To identify the perception of nurses of a maternity hospital in the interior of São Paulo in relation to knowledge and the form of action related to specific hypertensive diseases of pregnancy from its detection to the puerperium. Material and Method: Descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, developed in a hospital foundation located in the northwest of São Paulo, where, in a the nurses answered the questions of a form with questions about personal data and granted an interview on the subject, recorded and transcribed in full. Results: It was observed from the speeches of the interviewees who despite having knowledge about the subject, this knowledge is partial and is anchored in protocols and medical conduct with regard to the care of the pregnant woman, have demonstrated practical knowledge and are trained and able to perform such care. Conclusion: Hypertension in pregnancy, when detected, requires nurses and their staff, a good technical and scientific preparation to identify suggestive signs and symptoms and offer adequate preventive actions, aiming to provide security to the maternal-fetal binomial.

Introducción: El embarazo es un evento fisiológico que dura un promedio de 40 semanas. Durante este período, un pequeño número de gestantes, por presentar algunas comorbilidades, tienen mayor probabilidad de tener una evolución desfavorable del embarazo. Entre estos problemas, que pueden ser graves o fatales, se encuentran las enfermedades hipertensivas del embarazo. El papel de la enfermera es fundamental en el seguimiento de la gestante con síndrome hipertensivo específico del embarazo. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción de los enfermeros de una maternidad del interior de São Paulo en relación al conocimiento y la forma de actuar relacionados con las enfermedades hipertensivas propias del embarazo, desde su detección hasta el puerperio. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado en una fundación hospitalaria ubicada en el noroeste de São Paulo, donde, en un lugar reservado, las enfermeras respondieron las preguntas de un formulario sobre datos personales y concedieron una entrevista sobre el tema, grabado y transcrito en su totalidad. Resultados: Se observó a partir de los discursos de las entrevistadas que a pesar de tener conocimientos sobre el tema, estos conocimientos son parciales y están anclados en protocolos y conductas médicas con respecto al cuidado de la gestante, aunque han demostrado conocimientos prácticos y están capacitados de llevar a cabo tal cuidado. Conclusión: La hipertensión arterial durante el embarazo, cuando detectada, requiere una buena preparación técnica y científica de los enfermeros y su personal para identificar signos y síntomas sugestivos y ofrecer acciones preventivas adecuadas, con el objetivo de ofrecer seguridad al binomio materno-fetal.

Gestação de alto risco: perfil epidemiológico e fatores associados com o encaminhamento para serviço especializado / Embarazo de alto riesgo: perfil epidemiológico y factores asociados a la referencia a servicio especializado / High risk pregnancy: epidemiological profile and factors associated with referral to specialized servisse

Objetivo: Verificar o perfil epidemiológico das gestantes e os fatores associados com o encaminhamento de gestantes para um serviço especializado. Método: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, realizado nos prontuários de gestantes classificadas em alto risco, período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Realizou-se análise descritiva, bivariada e multivariada. Resultados: Dos 405 prontuários, a média de idade foi 29 anos, 19% eram hipertensas crônicas,14,2% desenvolveram diabetes gestacional. A diferença média entre a data da primeira consulta e a data do encaminhamento pela atenção primária foi de 4 semanas. A regressão logística mostrou que: gestantes de outros municípios, com baixa renda econômica e diferença no tempo de encaminhamento possuem interferência no início do pré-natal. Conclusão: As análises realizadas poderão contribuir para a elaboração de políticas intersetoriais em busca da promoção da saúdede gestantes.

Objective: To verify the epidemiological profile of pregnant women and the factors associated with referring pregnant women to a specialized service. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study, carried out on the medical records of pregnant women classified as high risk, from January to December 2019. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: Of the 405 medical records, mean age was 29 years, 19% were chronic hypertensive patients, 14.2% developed gestational diabetes. The average difference between the date of the first consultation and the date of referral by primary care was 4 weeks. The logistic regression showed that: pregnant women from other cities, withlow economic income and difference in referral time have interference in the beginning of prenatal care. Conclusion: The analyzes carried out may contribute to the development of intersectoral policies in search of health promotion for pregnant women.

Objetivo: Verificar el perfil epidemiológico de la gestante y los factores asociados a la derivación de gestantes a un servicio especializado. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, realizado sobre las historias clínicas de gestantes clasificadas como de alto riesgo, de enero a diciembre de 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: De las 405 historias clínicas, la edad promedio fue de 29 años, el 19% eran hipertensos crónicos, el 14,2% desarrolló diabetes gestacional. La diferencia media entre la fecha de la primera consulta y la fecha de derivación por atención primaria fue de 4 semanas. La regresión logística mostró que: mujeres embarazadas de otras ciudades, con bajos ingresos económicos e diferencia en el tiempo de derivación tienen interferencia en el inicio de la atención prenatal. Conclusión: Los análisis realizados pueden contribuir a la elaboración de políticas intersectoriales en busca de promoción de la salud de la gestante.

Aspectos clínicos do câncer durante o período gestacional: desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos / Clinical aspects of cancer during the gestational period: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges

O câncer é uma das maiores causas de morte em mulheres na idade reprodutiva e ocorre em aproximadamente 0,05% a 0,1% das gestações. Os cânceres ginecológicos, de mama, tireoide e hematológicos são os mais comuns na gravidez. O obstetra é o principal médico para investigar sintomas que podem estar relacionados à malignidade. O diagnóstico pode ser dificultado devido à sobreposição de sintomas da gravidez, como náusea, vômitos, aumento do útero e das mamas, dor abdominal, além da limitação para uso de exames de imagem e alterações comuns em exames laboratoriais. O risco e o benefício do diagnóstico e o tratamento para o bem-estar materno e fetal devem ser avaliados com cuidado pelos profissionais envolvidos. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre quando suspeitar e como investigar os principais cânceres na gestação.(AU)

Cancer is the major cause of death in women on reproductive age and occurs in approximately 0.05% to 0.1% of pregnancies. Gynecological, breast, thyroid and hema- tological cancers are the most common in pregnancy. The obstetrician is the primary physician to investigate symptoms that may be related to malignancy. The diagnosis can be difficult due to the overlap of pregnancy symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, enlargement of the uterus and breasts, abdominal pain, in addition to the limitation for the use of imaging tests and common changes in laboratory tests. The risk and be- nefit of diagnosis and treatment for maternal and fetal well-being should be carefully assessed by the professionals involved. This article aims to conduct a review on when to suspect and how to investigate the main cancers in pregnancy.(AU)

"You're a 'high-risk' customer": A qualitative study of women's experiences of receiving information from health professionals regarding health problems or complications in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Experiencing complications in pregnancy is stressful for women and can impact on fetal and maternal outcomes. Supportive encounters with health professionals can reduce the worry women experience. Further research is needed to understand women's perspectives on communicating with their healthcare providers about their concerns. AIM: This study explored women's experiences of receiving information about pregnancy complications from healthcare providers and their interactions with multiple professionals and services during pregnancy. METHODS: This was a qualitative interpretive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women experiencing pregnancy complications recruited from antenatal services at two hospitals in Sydney. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. FINDINGS: Women had a range of reactions to their diagnoses, including concern for their baby, for themselves and for their labour. Most women reported that communication with healthcare providers was distressing, they were not listened to and staff used insensitive, abrupt language. Women were also distressed by delays in education, receiving contradictory information and having to repeatedly share their stories with different health professionals. In some cases, this damaged the therapeutic relationship and reduced trust towards healthcare providers. Midwives were generally preferred over doctors because they had a more woman-centred approach. CONCLUSION: To improve women's experiences of care for pregnancy complications, it is critical to improve the communication skills of maternity service providers. Women's need for information, resources and support can best be provided by continuity of care with a named health professional, for example, a midwife working within an integrated multidisciplinary antenatal service model.

A meta-synthesis of the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals on the humanisation of childbirth using a meta-ethnographic approach.

PROBLEM: The humanisation of childbirth has been identified as a practice of care focusing on the physical, psychological, and emotional wellbeing of women. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are expected to understand and embed humanised practice when supporting women in childbirth. AIM: The aim of this paper is to present a meta-synthesis of the experiences and perspectives of HCPs who undertake care for women at the time of birth regarding the humanisation of childbirth. METHODS: A systematic search of the electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, and SocINDEX were conducted in July 2020. Qualitative studies exploring HCPs' experiences and perspectives of humanisation in childbirth were eligible. Studies were synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach. FINDINGS: Fourteen studies involving 197 participants were included. Two themes were identified: 'Women at the centre' and 'Professional dissonance'. Two line of argument synthesis were identified: 'invisible boundaries' and 'unconscious undermining'. DISCUSSION: HCPs recognised that women required positive interactions which met both their emotional and physical needs. Human touch supported bonding between HCPs and women. HCPs understood humanisation as the reduction of unnecessary intervention and/or technology but had difficulties enacting this and often used disempowering language when discussing women's choices. The management of pain and the presence of a companion were considered important by HCPs. CONCLUSION: This synthesis revealed that HCPs do understand the humanisation of childbirth but have difficulties in enacting it in practice. Women classified as high risk were identified as having specific needs such as increased emotional support. Further research is required for women classified as high risk who may require technology and/or interventions to maintain a safe birth.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using machine learning methods.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To develop an early prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using machine learning and to evaluate whether the inclusion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated variables increases the performance of model. METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated pregnant women for NAFLD using ultrasound at 10-14 weeks and screened them for GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The clinical variables before 14 weeks were used to develop prediction models for GDM (setting 1, conventional risk factors; setting 2, addition of new risk factors in recent guidelines; setting 3, addition of routine clinical variables; setting 4, addition of NALFD-associated variables, including the presence of NAFLD and laboratory results; and setting 5, top 11 variables identified from a stepwise variable selection method). The predictive models were constructed using machine learning methods, including logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and deep neural networks. RESULTS: Among 1,443 women, 86 (6.0%) were diagnosed with GDM. The highest performing prediction model among settings 1-4 was setting 4, which included both clinical and NAFLD-associated variables (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.563-0.697 in settings 1-3 vs. 0.740-0.781 in setting 4). Setting 5, with top 11 variables (which included NAFLD and hepatic steatosis index), showed similar predictive power to setting 4 (AUC 0.719-0.819 in setting 5, P=not significant between settings 4 and 5). CONCLUSION: We developed an early prediction model for GDM using machine learning. The inclusion of NAFLDassociated variables significantly improved the performance of GDM prediction. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02276144).

Research progress on nursing care in high-risk pregnancies / 中国基层医药

A pregnancy is considered high-risk when there are potential complications that may lead to dystocia or endanger the mother and unborn baby. Compared with women with a normal pregnancy, women with a high-risk pregnancy have a higher risk for poor pregnancy outcomes, which have a great impact on the maternal and infant prognosis or their families. Therefore, targeted clinical nursing care can be carried out in women who have a high-risk pregnancy to improve the prognosis of mothers and infants. Analyzing the risk factors that induce a high-risk pregnancy and actively reducing risk factors are particularly critical to achieving a good prognosis. Nursing care of women with a high-risk pregnancy should be performed based on evidence-based medicine after comprehensively analyzing the risk of each factor and weighing the pros and cons of related nursing care. Nursing care should have a clinical application value in high-risk pregnancies. This paper reviews the research advance in nursing care in high-risk pregnancies from the perspectives including risk factors, characteristics, the importance of nursing care, and the current nursing status.